Hindu Evolution, by S.K. Balasubramanian
Hinduism accepts and advocates evolution. I look upon Dharma as the ethos that promotes social evolution. I depend upon the Taittiriya Upanishad, the concept of the Dahshavatara or ten incarnations of God, and the Gita, to explain evolution according to the Hindu beliefs. We shall discuss these below.
Hindu evolution is different from Darwinian evolution. Darwinian version has two derivative postulates, natural selection and survival of the fittest. According to the first postulate, environment or circumstance decides which species survive under a given set of conditions. Thus, white, snow-covered ground favored the survival of white minnows. They became less visible to predators. When the snow turned blackish with coal ash after industrial revolution, the environment favored the gray-colored bird. Intra- and inter- species competition is implied in the second postulate, namely, survival of the fittest. Hinduism rejects this postulate.
Friedrich Nietzsche extended the second Darwinian postulate to expect super man as the end product of human evolution. He demanded that, to aid evolution of a superman and super human species, societies should mercilessly weed out the morons, the imbecile and the inefficient. He identified Christianity with compassion that offers protection to these ‘anti-evolutionary’ elements. Their propagation should be ruthlessly stopped for evolution to run its course. As a first step Nietzsche said an Anti-Christ would emerge who would purge the society of compassion and eliminate all these genetically regressive individuals. The Nietzsche mind-set inspired the Nazis. Both were mentally deranged. Nietzsche died in a lunatic asylum. Hitler’s sanity was suspect.
I have dealt with Hindu Genesis or the Hindu view of the origin of life in another article. Life on earth has an umbilical connection with the Space-Time or the Universe as shown in the Padmanabha icon. The icon agrees in many details with the conclusions of science.
Taittiriya Upanishad deals with primary evolution. The soul is said to be shrouded by five sheaths respectively. The first sheath is called the anna maya or one made of food, the next one pranamaya or made of breath, then the mano maya or made of mind, followed by vignyana maya or discriminative intelligence and finally a sheath of eternal happiness, Ananda or Bliss.
I interpret these sheaths as the evolutionary stages that life system had passed through in its evolution. The first was the anaerobic life form that depended upon only food for survival and multiplication. These were the most primitive forms. Methanogenic (methane producing) or archae bacteria are in this class.
The next evolutionary development was the appearance of aerobic forms of life that require oxygen for survival. The Upanishad calls this stage the praana maya sheath. The next stage is the appearance of the intelligent forms of life. These are the insect and lower forms of animals. They have the ability to perceive and to react instinctively to their environment. They lack the ability to analyze, sort out and make overall sense out of the messages.
Above the intelligent form is the one called Vignyana or discriminative ability. Collation of a lot of information and analyzing them is the special skill that this form of life has. This is the highest form in evolution. So far only humans have this ability.
The last evolutionary state of bliss is as yet unknown. Gita calls Krishna the Purushottama or the perfect human being. I think he may qualify for the highest evolutionary level.
The dashavatara (or the ten incarnations of god) concept is in agreement with the idea of evolution of species held by biologists. According to the latter life started as unicellular organism in aquatic environment and progressed to the higher forms.
The Avatar idea is a singularly Hindu concept that says that God descends to earth to enforce Dharma or evolution. The Gita asserts, “When Dharma is in trouble and the anti-dharma forces are ascendant, I (Krishna) get born on earth to establish Dharma.” (IV, 7,8) According to fossil records, life had been apparently destroyed several times and reappeared again and again. The destruction of dinosaurs is the most prominent example.
According to biologists life started in water and evolved through several intermediate stages to the Homo Sapiens level.
The ten incarnations of God are justified on the basis of the above assertion. The first avatar is that of fish or Matsya-avataar in aquatic environment. God comes in the form of a fish to save life forms from a flood. The episode of flood finds place in the Mesopotamian epic Gilgamesh. From there it was taken over by the Jews and is now a belief subscribed to by all religions.
The Hindu chronology is set by the date of disappearance of the river Saraswati. The event occurred nine thousand years ago. The riverbed is seen from satellite photography. The river was very broad, 27 kms. at its widest point. The river flowed from Manasarovar lake to the Arabian Sea and disappeared after a cataclysmic upheaval in the Himalayas that blocked its course. Therefore one may be justified to say that Hindu civilization and beliefs are older than the Egyptian and Mesopotamian ones. The distinguishing feature was that Hindu civilization was characterized by cultural artifacts and not by monuments.
The absence of archaeological evidence is because the mythological age was over before the invention of burnt pottery. The method of making fire was invented by a Vedic sage Angiras. The method is still used in the ritual known as Yagnya. It is therefore very plausible that human settlements from the hunter stage started first in Aryaavarta or northern India. Fire God or Agni is considered as the foremost protector (Purohita or foremost well wisher) of humanity (from wild animals). Aryans, Hindus and Zorastrians, are the only people to worship fire as a God.
The next evolutionary stage is amphibian Koorma or the tortoise. This avatar has more than usual significance. The purpose of this avatar was to secure the nectar of immortality from the heavens. Significantly, the turtle has the highest longevity amongst the species.
Strangely, Mongols also regard the Turtle as divine. There was a huge statue of the turtle in the unfinished capital of Ghengis Khan, Karakoram.
The turtle played a major part in the churning of the vast ocean of milk in the outer space. The purpose was to get to nectar. Many animal species and blessed forms of divinity emerge from the ocean. This is important because it confirms what the Padmanabha icon implies, namely, a divine hand/participation in evolution of life. This would correspond to what creationists, mostly based in the US, believe in. They call their belief “intelligent design.”
I am told that a sculptured model of the churning of the ocean of milk is placed in the lobby of the Bangkok airport in Thailand.
The next avatar is Varaha or wild boar. In this stage life has emerged from the aquatic environment and is wholly independent. Varaha is followed by the lower human forms known as Homo erectus in science and in mythology as Narasimha or the man-lion. This species stood erect but was still governed by animal instincts. We hear of monkeys assisting Shri Rama in the epic Ramayana. I would consider these monkeys as subhuman species living side by side with humans without interbreeding.
There is evidence that in an Israeli cave the Neanderthals and the humans lived without interbreeding for 50,000 years.
The midget human Vamana is the next stage in mythological evolution. From there evolution takes us to a rule-bound human in the form of Rama. The last stage of evolution is Krishna, the Purushottama or the perfect human being. This is why Krishna is worshipped in all stages of life- as infant Mukunda, as a child Damodara or Balakrishna, as a carefree teenager, Venu Gopala, as a lover Radhakrishna, as a warrior (Kamsa chaanoora mardana), and finally as the philosopher on the battle field of Kurukshetra. He represents the quintessential joy of life.
The Gita devotes one chapter (X) to evolution in all species. It concludes that all forms of excellence are divine manifestations. This chapter distinguishes Hindu evolution from the Darwinian. Every species evolves independently to the best within its limitations. There is no competition among the species for survival. With this chapter Hinduism rejects the idea that only the fittest survive. Peter principle is more relevant than Darwin.
Peter Principle states that in any organization every employee tends to reach his level of incompetence. When an employee is found efficient at any particular level he is promoted to the next higher level. The process goes on till he is promoted to a point where the employee becomes a misfit and stagnates. Species also tend to follow the rule. They stagnate at the level of their incompetence. Within each species the evolutionary trend is to produce the best. This is what the Gita says.
A corollary is that every one should try to reach the best of his potential. Excellence in any form, profession or activity is divine. If one wants to reach God the only way is to realize one’s highest potential.
Arjuna poses a FAQ: “How does one recognize a divine manifestation”. (17)
Krishna answers:
“There is no limit to my manifestations. I shall tell you the major ones.”
“I abide in all beings. I am the beginning, middle part and end of all creation. (18, 19)
“I am Vishnu among the Adityas. Among the bright objects I am Ravi the Sun God. I am the moon among the stars.” (20)
“Among the Vedas I am Saama Veda. Among the Devas I am Indra. I am the mind among the senses, and consciousness of the created beings.”
“I am Shankara among the Rudras, Kubera of the Rakshasas, and Meru among the mountains. (22)
“I am Brihaspati among the priests, Skanda among the generals and the ocean among water bodies.” (23)
“Among the rishis I am Brgu. In forms of meditation I am Japa. Among the mountains I am the Himalayas. (24)
I am Ashwatta (peepul) among the trees; Narada among the devarishis; Chitraratha among the Gandharvas; and the Muni Kapila among the siddhas. (26)
“I am Ucchaishravas among the horses; know me to be born of the eternity;
I am Airavata among the elephants; among men I ma the king. (27)
“In the weapons class I am Vajra; among the kine I am Kamadhenu;
I am Manmata among the progenitors; Vasuki among the poisonous snakes. (28)
“Among the nonpoisonous snakes I am Ananta (who bears Vishnu in his coils in the Padmanabha icon). Varuna among the Yadasas;
I am Aryama among the forefathers; and Yama among the controllers. (29)
I am Prahlada among the Daityas; among the animals I am the lion; and Garuda among the birds. (30)
I am the Wind God among the purifiers; Rama among the soldiers;
Among the fishes I am the shark; among the rivers I am the Ganga. (31)
Among the Vrishnis I am Vaasudeva and among the Pandavas I am Arjuna;
Among the Munis I am Vyaasa; among the poets Usana. (37)
Finally Krishna sumps up the divine manifestations. “ Wherever one finds brilliance, prosperity and durability recognize the same as a divine manifestation”. (40)
“I pervade the whole Universe and sustain it as my singular manifestation. (42)
The important point is that under divine guidance every species evolves to its most brilliant form. In this respect Hindu evolution differs from Darwinian evolution. At every level there is divine blessing and sustenance for evolution to the best.
Dr. S.K. Balasubramanian completed his Ph.D. from IIS Bangalore. He went to business in Pune manufacturing fine chemicals. You can contact him at smanian@sancharnet.in.
Email This Post
Loading ...
June 1st, 2008 22:24
I like the way Lord Krishna was decribed from boyhood to till nirvana. It made me realize he or dhe does extraordinary things from childhood onwards until death and leaves a amrk of himself and herself is a reflection of krishna. Thanks
June 1st, 2008 23:57
Perceptively a beautiful portray of the Sanatana Dharma Spiritual evolution. Albeit, it is not comparable to Darwin’s theory of evolution, which only looks at, how the human species have evolved from animal level to social animal level. Whilst Darwin’s theory is psychology of human evolution in physiology and anatomy, Krushna’s tenth discourse is about the re-incarnation of avatars and re-incarnation of divinity = Two different aspects altogether = There is no such thing as Hindu or Muslim or Christian or Jewish or Buddhist or Sikh or “ist” evolution at all.
In the context of Darwin’s theory we are purely involved with the human life, the brain, the functional humanbeing and the social humanbeing, its evolution in physiological and anatomical sense, and its evolution into the making of social animal - the ability to differentiate between the right and the wrong and it is the very consciousness, conscientious, super consciousness, of humanbeing that makes human potentially capable of becoming BRAHMA - the supreme spirit in spiritual elevation, spiritual growth, spiritual evolution, spiritual cycles, spiritual transformation, spiritual pilgrimage, spiritual journey, spiritual awareness, spiritual awakening and spiritual enlightenment. Budha, GuruNanak and Mahaveer were all SANATANIS and technically born as Hindus. Everyone taught the theory of karma and the karmic human life. Perching upon common philosophies of evolution, the soul never ends its journey with the mortal death. The soul is the spirit of life that carries onwards its journey into the light or regressively in the darkness dependent upon the KARMA. Hence, Krushna eloquently gives clear discourses on DHYANA YOGA, KARMA YOGA, BHAKTI YOGA, RAJAYOGA, KRIYAYOGA, SAMDHYAYOGA, MANTRAYOGA, TANTRAYOGA, GJYANAYOGA, and says that of all the divine ways bhakti yoga {implicitly meaning devotion and dedication} with divine intention and divine bhavna {loving compassion} towards GOD is more precious to Krushna and ‘Humble Bhakta’ is as dear to Krushna as Sudama was. Krushan is NOT the last stage of spiritual evolution but the prema-Geeta leela of devotion that is demonstrated in RADHE-KRISHAN AND MEERA-KISHAN. One is the loving devotee, the bhakta, the Yogini, the great love of Krushna whereas another is the sacrifice, the divine surrender, the divine total faith, total trust, total immense infinite yoga of union with God. Udhavji {the most learned scholar in the history of humankind}, had to learn the simplicity of winning God’s divine love from RADHEEKA and MEERABAI. In the purshottama-Parabrahma-narayana avatars, Krushna is the only avataar in which Lord Narayana plays, dances, and enjoys life in devotion {prem-bhakti}, divine enchantment {leela}, inter-active communion between the celestial and the terrestrial worlds in divine mantra-tantra-yantra-samnkirtana amrutt {divine musical songs} in hymns, sacred poetry, and dance. The point of Vedic Sanatana Dharma is that there two ways to accomplish GOD: One is SARGUNA {with form} and another is {NIRGUNA} without form. Whilst both lead to the same goal, divinity from the raas-leela {the interplay with GOD} as companion, soul-guide, charioteer, love, light, etc., leads one to delight. The delight of ATMAN – soul.
Rejoice and sing, rejoice and dance, rejoice and become one with HARI in his transcendental dhun. In Kaaliyug, one cannot speak of long concentration span, or detailed scrupulous meditation. In kaaliyug, the best form of dharma is BHAKTI YOGA, BHAKTI RAAS, BHAKTI LEELA AND BHAKTI BHAVA. This means: Dharma is BASIS the ANCHOR the CRITERION upon which the humankind will strive to become aware of SPIRITUAL DIVINITY. From being aware, one will progress onwards towards DIVINE AWAKENING in stages of spiritual enlightenment. When one has reached the delight state, the happiness will be unparalled. ALL RELIGIONS TEACH US to speak truthfully, to speak softly, to speak humbly, to speak little, to speak righteously, to speak with dignity and integrity. All religions teach us LOVE. Aum Tat Sat. It is the HUMAN EGO that condemns the spiritual consciousness of love, humanity and spiritual trance of Hari Krushna!
The only issue we have in the modernity and modern world evolution based on Darwin’s physiological and anatomical psychology is the very failure of psychology at the mundane mind level and mundane ego level as both render human problems in fragmentation, dismal depressions, and anti-depressants.
Conclusively: Without dharma {the basis upon which humanbeing is a spiritually divine entity}; humankind lives a life of catastrophes, epiphany, mortal death and mental dilemma. Paradoxes, conflicts and cantankerous aggression always renders confusion, chaos and pollution. Once confusion becomes imminent, the world at large is filled with falsity, false ownership, false egocentrity, false heroism, false possession, false attachment, false assumptions, false impositions {terrorism}, fanaticism, and degradation of humanity. From WRONGFULNESS of hatred, greed, anger, and lust, desires and false ownership, Oh divine Lord Krushna, lead us onwards towards the grand RIGHTFULNESS OF million delights - the light of truthfulness that which verily is LOVE, HUMANITY, COMPASSION, EQUALITY, UNIVERSAL ENCOURAGEMENT OF ONE ANOTHER, UNIVERSAL HELPING ONE ANOTHER WITHOUT envy, jealousy and selfishness. From the horrible VIKARMA {OUR HISTORICAL PAST} OH LORD KRUSHNA lead us onwards towards SATT-KARMA {the path of righteousness whereby we ought not to hurt anyone}…..From this wretched mundane cycles of KARMA, Oh divine Lord Krushna, may thou grant us MOKSHA {spiritual emancipation and freedom from pain and sorrows} so that we may become the spectacular particals at your FEET in the devotion and divinity of RADHIKA AND MEERABAI. Oh divine LORD KRUSHNA let there be LOVE LOVE AND LOVE in the human hearts. Oh divine LORD KRUSHNA let there be PEACE PEACE PEACE in all three worlds. AUM TAT SAT HARI AUM SHANTIH SHANTIH SHANTIH. HARI KRUSHNA.
June 2nd, 2008 12:29
SKB.. Think for a moment before repeating the stupidity of earlier authors. If the Dasavataras are a description of evolution, it will have to be the evolution of God, because God took those forms. There can be no stupider idea than evolution of God. Now, dont say that we are all children of God so we have an implied similarity with God’s incarnation. We are born to be ‘helplesslessly subject to the laws of nature’ (Gita 9.8), whereas God’s incarnations are as ‘Lord of prakriti’ (4.6), which is a big difference.
Even when God took those incarnations of Fish, Boar etc, he talked with human beings. How is then His being Fish or Boar a reflection of our evolution?
The five sheaths are hardly related to evolution. I am afraid that you have not understood the issues.
June 2nd, 2008 18:59
Prannamm_Namaskaram:
Hari Aum Tat Sat: Jaya Satt Chittt Ananda Sattya ChiddaAnanda Hari Govinda!
“Aum shantih”
‘AKAAL’ {timelessness} becomes ‘KAAL {evolutionary time; time that elapses, time that always moves forward, time that changes tides and karma, time that brings death and re-birt, time the perpetuates cycles of humanife here on humna earth and time that transmigrates or regresses the spiritual metaphysical metamorphoses call it what you may}. GITAJI speaks of avatars; yoga, spirit of life Arjuna and human satt-karma to protect and to nurture dharma {sattya} not of Darwin’s evolutionary hyphothesis. Hence two different issues altogether.
However, removing all the quotes of SBK’s previous authors, and his very own analysis of the evolution that he speaks about, what he is trying to suggest is that when humankind is spiritually aware, spiritually awakened, spiritually astute, spiritually divine, spiritually intended, spiritually progressive one evolves towards lofty light of million delights - PARAMA ANANDA JYOTT. This delight of happiness is the human right, the human obligation to discover one’s own true SPIRITUAL NATURE.
Let us NOT be critical and instead let us be encouraging towards the noble attempt that SBK has made to establish his point across. Just see the good thing he trying to suggest please. With my respects to SBK, what he was trying to project and impress upon the reader is that the kundalini that sleeps in the YONI rises in progressive, gradual spiritual awakening experiences of DIVINITY in SPIRITUAL EVOLUTION from the gross mundane PANCHAMAHABHUTA state {the matter} progressively to the metaphysical state {the pancha kosha and sapta dhatu and the manas and budhi} progressively to the ego state {ahamkara cha druvya-manas}; and once breaking the boundaries of the five chakras that rule and ground us in maya, the divinity evolves into the beautiful most benign light of delights in the third eye - divya drishtee. The third eye when opened brings one {a humanbeing} much more close to SHIVA and once shiva and the human spirit merges into one, there are only two more stages to TOTAL EMANCIPATION: The MOKSHA AND THE MUKTEE. When we reach the muktee marg, we become LIGHT of million delights. This is the evolution of spirit we are speaking about.
Of course, BHAGAVAN will re-incarnate again as KALKI avaatar and is the parama-purshottam Jagada Hari who comes to rescue EXISTENCE from becoming depleted and destroyed by the wretched “PAAPA” {darkness of ego and ignorance}. Bhagavan is not perfect humanbeing in the sense of DARWINIAN psychology but an exemplification of meeting of GOD AND BHAKTA as of NARR AND NARAYANA.
Aum namoh Narayanaya Hari Aum Tat Sat.
Premah-shantih sarva vahay. Aum shanti.
Prannamm_Namaskaram
June 4th, 2008 02:26
G.Kapuria is offended by the article. but he should control his emotions and point out the mistake in the article.
Opinions on interpretation are likely to differ. That does not make the article “stupid”.
Skb.
August 9th, 2008 11:24
Prannam_Namaskaram Obeisance to Divine Great Spirit of Life:
“Aum Satt Chitt Ananda Jaya ChiddaAnanada Hari Aum Tat Sat”
The dharma {ways of eternity} that holds eternal divine truths in divine spiritual knowledge and divine spiritual wisdom contained in the Vedas, Upanishads, Gita, Puranas, and ancient scriptures like Ramayana and Mahabharata portray the reflections of dharmic/religiously divine philosophy of Hinduism. There is no such thing as Hinduism in the literal sense because Sanatana Vedic dharma embraces astikas {ascetics} and nastikas {atheists and agnostics} alike without discrimination of nationality, colour, caste, or culture. Vedic Sanatana Dharma is the dharma or religion of the “jagada-praja” universal world of humankind. God is a term used in English for ChidaAnanada Hari, or the transcendental Brahma that which is in a permanent state of “paramaAnanda” or divine bliss. Bharati dharma was never called Hinduism and branding religion into further segments of Buddhism, Judaism, Sikhism, Jainism only emanates from man made differentiations and man made boundaries of “compromises for conveniences” personalised compartmentalised political religion. Dharma according to scriptures is a MATA. Mata is divine glory or light of truth that which does not have second meaning or second implication but the light of million delights - PARAMA_ANANDAA {blissfulness, happiness, divine eternity of altruism of love}. The Vedic Sanatana dharma is a way of life based on karma previous, present and past, of a human spirit of life, that transpires through pilgrimage here on earth, in karmic time from birth to death in different experiential modes namely kaama {desires}; aartha {proliferations, growth, material prosperity}; dharma {righteousness, spiritual awakening, spiritual awareness, divine transmigration}; moksha {emancipation and eternal peace}; muktee {freedom from the cycle of pain and sorrow}. From the gross unreal darkness of ignorance, a spirit of life transmigrates to the loftiest realities of divine bliss here on earth before death to experience light of million delights, in extra ordinary pilgrimage of divine satt-karmic {truth}, that which becomes the very light of hope for generations to come. It is whilst alive, that the human spirit of life becomes immortal in spirit such that the death is merely a transmigration from the physical platform to the spiritual eternity. Every spirit of life is GODLY, divine, and spiritual a particle of the same Brahma. Therefore, in conclusion, karma is superior to fate and fortune telling, karma determines a human spirit’s journey hereafter and karma determines one’s fate not astrological charts which are only guidelines or map or sketch of objectively set out intentions. One whose divine intentions become spiritually awakened become humanely quiet, contended, happy, serene, spiritually still, strong and light of hope for the future generation children in many profound ways. A Hindu is a spirit of life that has transpired to realise the self, the atman, the soul infinite, the reality of TRUTH. Whether one is a Christian, a Muslim, a Hindu, or any other religious faith, the Vedic Sanatana dharma distinguishes cultural faith from universally humane faith, faith in one another based on integrity, virtue, value, humanity, love, compassion and at large friendship. Hatred, anger, hypocrisy, lust, false ownership, egocentricity, jealousy, envy, obsession, control, and greed lead to corruption, diseases and epiphany. Karma is the centrifugal phenomenon of Hindu faith and karma is the reason and cause for human sorrow, pain, anguish, disease, dissolution and re-birth.
The Hindu belief is that God is one and the ways to God are many. It grants freedom to individuals and does not command It simply tries to lead them from darkness to light. It reveals that there is one Truth and one true religion. Ekam Satya, Viprah vividhah vadanti – The truth is one and wise men describe it in various ways. It is the eternal truth within the Self. Direct knowledge of Self can be acquired by one through the Self while realizing the Self. Self- realization is the essence of human existence. Hindu knows that where there is unity, one with out a second; there is world of Brahmana Seek it as it is the supreme goal of life. Hindu believes that God pervades all and nothing pervades Him. Katha says,’ So does the oneself take the shape of every creature in whom He is present. ’The Hindu with the tranquil thought organ sees-‘ Himself as in all beings / and all beings in himself/ sees he whose self is disciplined in discipline /who sees the same in all things.’ There is no duality. He knows that the Self is Brahmana. Tat Twam Asi –Thou Art That. Renunciation of real self is Sat-Chit-Anand. He knows that man is essentially divine and there is divinity in every man. There is nothing like original sin. Happiness is the real nature of man. He has to attain it. Hinduism is in fact a away of life. What is preached, is brought out in practice. The philosophy is linked with life and worldly affairs. It is full of social and ethical values and gives us a vivid idea of human relationship with its various spheres. Thus life and philosophy both are guided by spiritual considerations. Material welfare could not get the upper hand. The whole journey to eternity is based on reason and scientific precision with full freedom of enquiry and expression.
Therefore, purely from Sanatana Vedic perspective, no one humankind is judged by nationality, colour, shape, size, form, caste, creed,or, religion. Humankind is universally a spirit of life, capable of DIVINITY based on divine love. Divine love conquers all ignorance and divine love brings peace, harmony and happiness. Divine love therefore is the very GODLINESS that Vedas and Upanishads invoke in every human consciousness with great fervour, great enthusiasm and great divine intentions.
Read: http://www.hanss.co.uk/dharma awareness
Om Purna- madah, purna-midam purnat-purnam -udacyate
Purnaysa purna-madaya purna-meva-vasisyate
All this is full /from fullness, fullness comes
When fullness is taken from fullness/ fullness still remains.
Sarve Bhavanti Sukhinah/ Sarve santu Niramayah
Sarve Bhadrani Pashyanti, Ma Kashchid Dukh Bhag Bhaveta.
Let every one without distinction be happy. Let every one be without any ailment. Let every one look like Aryan, noble and righteous. Let there be no one to have any share of sorrow or grief.
Lead me from the unreal to the Real
Lead me from the darkness to Light
Lead me from the death to Immortality.
Prema cha shantih [Aum Tat Sat] Hari aum shantih, shantih shantih
Jyotikar Pattni @ http://www.hanss.co.uk
August 25th, 2008 07:10
Know about India!!!
Visit…
http://outstandingindia.blogspot.com
August 27th, 2008 03:43
This is similar to the earlier comment from the same author. Both dont address the point.
He says that there is nothing like Hinduism. If one does not split hairs the word is popularly understood and should be accepted as such.
I have tried to connect Hindu belief system with science. The author has no comment to make on it. He has a viewpoint that he wants to promote whether the context allows it or not.
I have no response to his statements. They are irrelevant to the article under debate.
Skb.